Genetic factors influencing the comorbidity between pathological gambling and pathological gambling and alcohol dependence (AD) were investigated in two twin samples. The most recent study shows that the most common comorbidities are with alcohol and substance use disorders (SUDs), nicotine dependence, and mood and anxiety disorders ( Lorains et al., 2011). Lobo, in Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse, 2016 Common Genetic Vulnerability Between Pathological Gambling and Other Psychiatric Disordersīoth clinical and epidemiological studies show that there is an elevated rate of co-occurrence of pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders ( Lorains, Cowlishaw, & Thomas, 2011 Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2005). Research on PG over the past decade has provided greater insight into the biological features of this disorder and has made possible an expanding set of effective behavioral and pharmacological treatments. Internet gambling is a newer phenomenon, which has gained a wide following and whose revenues are projected to reach $125 billion by 2010. In most cases, gambling involves risking money, and conventional forms of gambling involve lotteries, card games, horse and dog racing, sports betting, and slot machines. Since this process involves a set of cognitive skills that are central to most aspects of life, it has remained a resilient component of human experience. It involves decision making based on the assessment of relative risk and reward. By definition, gambling is considered placing something of value at risk in the hope of gaining something of greater value. The condition is currently classified as an impulse control disorder, although similarities exist with other disorders, particularly substance addictions. Pathological gambling (PG) is a relatively common disorder associated with significant personal, familial, and social costs. Potenza, in Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience, 2010
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